How different multilevel and multi-actor arrangements impact policy implementation: evidence from EU regional policy

While implementation through multilevel governance (MLG) has often been found to have achieved limited success, the literature agrees that further studies are required investigate if and how different MLG systems impact policy implementation. By collecting data from of four European Union (EU) regional development programmes, characterized by distinct organizational institutional arrangements, this article adopts a performance-oriented approach EU in order support or challenge conventional assumptions about expected benefits MLG. The suggest effective needs central coordinating authority power enforce decentralized actors’ compliance, mobilize bodies, provide actors with adequate structures resources they lack.